Phylogeny of Dasyophthalma butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolini)

This study provides a species-level phylogeny and morphological characterization for the Neotropical brassoline genus Dasyophthalma Westwood, 1851. A revised generic definition is given, and two species groups are proposed. Diagnoses and illustrations of habitus and genitalia are provided for all species. Wing color, male scent organs, and male and female genitalic morphology are characterized and discussed

Lemoniini

32 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 25-26)."A cladistic analysis of 97 characters taken from adult morphology was used to assess the higher-level phylogeny of the butterfly tribe Lemoniini (sensu Harvey, 1987). Many of our characters are described and illustrated in detail to assist future work in riodinid systematics. To evaluate the monophyly of Lemoniini, representative species of five genera in the putative sister tribe Nymphidiini were included in the analysis. Our results indicated that the Lemoniini was not monophyletic, and that some Nymphidiini grouped within Lemoniini. As this study provided no support for maintaining Lemoniini and Nymphidiini as separate taxa, we propose the amalgamation of these two tribes. Our analysis also suggested that not all genera currently placed in Lemoniini are monophyletic"--P. [1]

Phylogeny of \u3ci\u3eDasyophthalma\u3c/i\u3e Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolini)

This study provides a species-level phylogeny and morphological characterization for the Neotropical brassoline genus Dasyophthalma Westwood, 1851. A revised generic definition is given, and two species groups are proposed. Diagnoses and illustrations of habitus and genitalia are provided for all species. Wing color, male scent organs, and male and female genitalic morphology are characterized and discussed

Wing pattern diversity in Brassolini butterflies (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

This study describes and compares the diverse dorsal and ventral wing color patterns of Brassolini butterflies. Thirty-three species are illustrated, where pattern elements of the nymphalid ground plan are labeled in color. In general, a larger number of pattern elements can be identified on the ventral than on the dorsal surface of both wings, and the forewing has a larger number of discernible pattern elements than the hind wing. The dorsal elements are broad, diffuse, and more difficult to identify against the typically brown brassoline wing background color. Species with a light colored dorsal background served as a guide for our proposal that fewer pattern elements are present dorsally, particularly on the hind wing. Colorful bands or markings generally present on the dorsal surface seem to be associated with specific pattern elements and have correspondence to the ventral pattern. We refer to these as trailing bands, and they constitute a predominant feature of the brassoline dorsal coloration. We propose a subordinate groundplan for brassolines and interpret some of the ventral pattern variation in light of their phylogeny. Dorsal color pattern variation that leads to sexual dimorphism and mimetic resemblance are also discussed

Phylogenetic analysis of Morpho butterflies (Nymphalidae, Morphinae) : implications for classification and natural history. American Museum novitates ; no. 3374

33 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 18-19).The classification of butterflies in the widely recognized genus Morpho previously used subgenera that were assumed to constitute natural species groups. Cladistic analysis of 120 characters provided a well-resolved tree showing that some subgenera do not constitute monophyletic groups. This study supported some traditional taxonomic species groupings, but rejected the concept of subgenera for Morpho. Therefore, we formally redefined the genus to be consonant with the assumptions of phylogenetic classification. Predictions about Morpho life histories, the correlation of color pattern and flight behavior with vertical flight height, and the evolution of sexual dimorphism are discussed in light of our phylogeny